Tactics for VIP protection techniques and security
Close Protection Formations
One of the first skills drilled into close protection operatives is mastering close protection formations, often called walking drills or foot formations. These aren’t just rehearsed routines—they are the core of a 360-degree protective shield designed to ensure a VIP’s safety. Whether it’s a single-bodyguard formation or a full security detail, understanding how to move strategically in any environment is essential.
The size and composition of a close protection team can vary. It’s influenced by factors like threat level, budget, available resources, and the VIP’s image. Interestingly, a larger security team doesn’t always mean greater protection. Many high-profile individuals opt for smaller teams, prioritizing discreet protection over an overwhelming security presence. However, when moving through crowded spaces or high-risk areas, formations must be adaptable and seamless to manage potential threats from opportunistic attackers to paparazzi and unwanted attention.
What are the formations for close protection?
Understanding Close Protection Formations & Tactical Movement
Foot formations are carefully structured bodyguard formations that provide 360-degree protection while allowing the VIP to move freely. Every close protection operative (CPO) is responsible for a specific arc of observation, ensuring no blind spots. The Personal Protection Officer (PPO) always remains closest to the VIP.
Key close protection foot formations
- Box Formation – A four-person team forming a square around the VIP. Think of a dice’s number five, with the VIP and PPO at the center. This formation provides equal protection on all sides and adapts easily to crowd density.
- Diamond Formation – Similar to the Box Formation, but with a more dynamic structure. It offers better coverage on the front, rear, and sides, making it ideal for fluid movement in changing environments.
- Inverted V (Wedge) Formation – A V-shaped alignment where operatives clear a path ahead of the VIP, like a snowplow cutting through a crowd. This formation is highly effective when moving towards a vehicle or exit route.
- Linear Formation – Used when passing through doorways, hallways, or narrow spaces. It allows quick transitions from a Box or Diamond Formation, ensuring effortless movement through tight areas.
Best practices for effective close protection foot formations
Close protection training tactics
Executing formations in real-world scenarios differs significantly from training environments. It’s not just about positioning, it’s about reading the situation, reacting instantly, and protecting the VIP without drawing attention.
Communication & Coordination
- Use discreet communication methods (earpieces, hand signals, or coded words).
- Ensure seamless transitions between formations without confusion or hesitation.
Situational Awareness & Threat Detection
- Observe without being observed! Every operative must maintain sharp situational awareness.
- Scan surroundings constantly, identifying unusual behaviors, potential threats, or escape routes.
Flexibility & Adaptability
- Adjust formations dynamically to suit environmental changes, crowd behavior, or sudden threats.
- Maintain proper spacing, always covering your arc of responsibility to create an unbreakable security perimeter.
- Remain professional! Foot formations impact the VIP’s image. Sloppy execution, poor spacing, or unnecessary aggression can attract attention and compromise security.
The book
Enhance your Close Protection formations with the close protection handbook
Improving close protection tactics, including large and small close protection team technique and foot drills takes training, discipline, and experience.
For an in-depth guide on how to enhace your a close protection operative skills and knowledge, explore the Close Protection Handbook your definitive resource for foot formations, high-risk operational tactics, and situational awareness strategies.